Brief digital sleep questionnaire powered by machine learning prediction models identifies common sleep disorders

IntroductionWe developed and validated an abbreviated Digital Sleep Questionnaire (DSQ) to identify common societal sleep disturbances including insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS), and risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).MethodsThe DSQ was administered to 3799 community volunteers, of which 2113 were eligible and consented to the study. Of those, 247 were interviewed by expert sleep physicians, who diagnosed ≤2 sleep disorders. Machine Learning (ML) trained and validated separate models for each diagnosis. Regularized linear models generated 15–200 features to optimize diagnostic prediction. Models were trained with five-fold cross-validation (repeated five times), followed by robust validation testing. ElasticNet models were used to classify true positives and negatives; bootstrapping optimized probability thresholds to generate sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).ResultsCompared to reference subgroups, physician-diagnosed sleep disorders were marked by DSQ evidence of sleeplessness (insomnia, DSPS, OSA), sleep debt (DSPS, ISS), airway obstruction during sleep (OSA), blunted circadian variability in alertness (DSPS), sleepiness (DSPS and ISS), increased alertness (insomnia) and global impairment in sleep-related quality of life (all sleep disorders). ElasticNet models validated each diagnosis with high sensitivity (80–83%), acceptable specificity (63–69%), high AUC (0.80–0.85) and good accuracy (agreement with physician diagnoses, 68–73%).DiscussionA brief DSQ readily engaged and efficiently screened a large population for common sleep disorders. Powered by ML, the DSQ can accurately classify sleep disturbances, demonstrating the potential for improving the sleep, health, productivity and safety of populations.     

三轨教学模式在肿瘤内科临床教学中的应用价值

目的分析肿瘤内科临床教学中三轨教学模式的应用价值。方法采用分层抽样法抽选2018年1月-2018年12月在本院实习的学生共68名纳入本次实验,并用均等双盲划分法将其中34例纳入对照组(采取传统教学法),剩余34例纳入观察组(采取三轨教学模式),观察两组教学效果。结果观察组理论及技能操作考核成绩比对照组更高,同时在提升学习积极性、掌握理论知识、培养临床能力、培养思维能力、培养自学能力、提升文献查阅能力、提升团队协作力、提升分析解决问题能力方面评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤内科的临床教学中采取三轨教学模式效果显著,能调动学生的主观能动性,提升其理论知识及技能操作水平,培养其临床实践能力及临床思维能力,值得采用。     

Nano-curcumin therapy,a promising method in modulating inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients

BackgroundAs an ongoing worldwide health issue, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) has been causing serious complications, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure. However, there is no decisive treatment approach available for this disorder, which is primarily attributed to the large amount of inflammatory cytokine production. We aimed to identify the effects of Nano-curcumin on the modulation of inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients.MethodForty COVID-19 patients and 40 healthy controls were recruited and evaluated for inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion. Subsequently, COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients receiving Nano-curcumin and 20 patients as the placebo group. The mRNA expression and cytokine secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL‐18 were assessed by Real‐time PCR and ELISA, respectively.ResultOur primary results indicated that the mRNA expression and cytokine secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 were increased significantly in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy control group. After treatment with Nano-curcumin, a significant decrease in IL-6 expression and secretion in serum and in supernatant (P = 0.0003, 0.0038, and 0.0001, respectively) and IL-1β gene expression and secretion level in serum and supernatant (P = 0.0017, 0.0082, and 0.0041, respectively) was observed. However, IL-18 mRNA expression and TNF-α concentration were not influenced by Nano-curcumin.ConclusionNano-curcumin, as an anti-inflammatory herbal based agent, may be able to modulate the increased rate of inflammatory cytokines especially IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression and cytokine secretion in COVID-19 patients, which may cause an improvement in clinical manifestation and overall recovery.     

基于NDR评分评估多发性肝癌根治术后经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗效果研究

目的 探讨NDR评分与多发性肝癌肝切除术后经导管动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）疗效的关系。方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2015年3月在海军军医大学东方肝胆外科医院行肝切除术的505例多发性肝癌病人的临床资料。根据术后是否行辅助性TACE将病人分为TACE组（n=272）和非TACE组（n=233），采用倾向得分匹配（PSM）对病人行1∶1配对。应用Kaplan-Meier法分析术后无复发存活率（RFS）和总体存活率（OS）的差异，并分析NDR评分与TACE疗效的关系。结果 PSM后，TACE组1、3、5年RFS和OS均高于非TACE组（66.8%、41.2%和27.6%；49.6%、37.2%和27.7%，P=0.031；86.1%、63.7%和42.6%；69.1%、49.0%和37.2%，P=0.002）。NDR评分≤2分时，TACE 组1、3、5年RFS和OS与非 TACE 组差异无统计学意义（68.6%、44.1%、29.0% vs. 58.0%、43.3%、35.2%，P=0.445；88.3%、65.0%、44.4% vs. 76.4%、55.0%、45.7%，P=0.109）；NDR评分>2分时，TACE 组1、3、5年RFS和OS均高于非TACE组（60.5%、34.2%、28.5% vs. 20.3%、16.2%、8.1%，P=0.001；78.9%、51.6%、42.8% vs. 43.8%、29.9%、15.9%，P=0.007）。PSM后NDR评分>2分时，多因素分析显示，甲胎蛋白（AFP）和辅助性TACE是无复发生存的独立影响因素（HR=1.90、0.43；P<0.05）；AFP、肿瘤最大最小径比值和辅助性TACE是总体生存的独立影响因素（HR=2.23、2.96、0.53；P<0.05）。结论 NDR评分>2分时，肝癌肝切除术后行辅助性TACE可有效减少术后复发，改善远期生存。对NDR评分>2分的多发性肝癌病人，推荐辅助性TACE作为术后抗复发治疗手段。     

PBL教学法在临床实习护士查房中的应用

目的探讨PBL教学法在临床实习护士查房中的应用。方法选取2018年1月-2018年11月于本院实习的42例护士作为研究对象,按照查房方法的差异分为对照组(21例)与观察组(21例),对照组采用传统查房法,观察组采用PBL教学法。比较两组护理业务成绩、临床各项评价指标得分情况以及对护理查房业务的掌握程度。结果观察组临床护理业务兴趣、自主学习能力、学习效率、回答问题踊跃程度等各项指标得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组理论考试、实操训练、病历书写等临床各项评价指标得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组对护理查房业务的掌握程度为95.2%,高于对照组的61.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在临床护理业务查房中应用教学法,建议采纳PBL教学法,在提高实习护士理论知识、提升业务水平和综合能力方面价值显著。     

多媒体联合情景教学在急诊医师培训中的应用

目的探讨多媒体联合情景教学在急诊医师培训的应用效果。方法将本院2018年1月-2018年12月的34名急诊医师纳入观察组,应用多媒体联合情景教学法对其进行院内培训,另将本院2017年1月-2017年12月的34名急诊医师纳入对照组,应用传统教学法对其进行培训,对比两组医师的考试成绩、岗位胜任能力以及应急能力。结果观察组理论知识与技术操作的考试成绩均高于对照组,观察组自学、交流、表达、理解、解决问题的能力以及综合能力的评分均高于对照组,观察组急救意识、急救效率、病情评估、团队合作、职业防护的评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论多媒体联合情景教学在急诊医师培训的应用效果显著,可明显提高医师的考试成绩、岗位胜任能力以及应急能力。     

运用OSCE模式提升ICU护士核心能力的效果观察

目的探讨运用OSCE模式提升ICU护士核心能力的效果。方法选择本院2018年1月-2019年6月ICU护士12人为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各6人,对照组采取传统教学及考核方法,观察组采用OSCE模式教学及考核,比较两组护士临床护理综合能力及自我核心能力评价情况。结果经过教学及考核后可见,观察组护士病例分析、健康教育、护理评估、专业护理技能操作及团队救援合作的临床护理综合能力显著高于对照组(P <0.05),观察组监护技能操作得分高于对照组,但组间差异无统计学意义;观察组护士促进理论知识学习、提高分析和解决问题的能力及提高临床技能的满意度与对照组对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论将OSCE模式运用到提升ICU护士核心能力中效果较好,可大大提高护士临床护理综合能力及自我核心能力,可以提高ICU护士的临床水平。